Retinal Inflammation, Cell Death and Inherited Retinal Dystrophies
Por:
L. OLIVARES-GONZALEZ, S. VELASCO, I. CAMPILLO and R. RODRIGO
Publicada:
1 feb 2021
Resumen:
Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are a group of retinal disorders that cause progressive and severe loss of vision because of retinal cell death, mainly photoreceptor cells. IRDs include retinitis pigmentosa (RP), the most common IRD. IRDs present a genetic and clinical heterogeneity that makes it difficult to achieve proper treatment. The progression of IRDs is influenced, among other factors, by the activation of the immune cells (microglia, macrophages, etc.) and the release of inflammatory molecules such as chemokines and cytokines. Upregulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is found in IRDs. This cytokine may influence photoreceptor cell death. Different cell death mechanisms are proposed, including apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, excessive activation of calpains, or parthanatos for photoreceptor cell death. Some of these cell death mechanisms are linked to TNF alpha upregulation and inflammation. Therapeutic approaches that reduce retinal inflammation have emerged as useful therapies for slowing down the progression of IRDs. We focused this review on the relationship between retinal inflammation and the different cell death mechanisms involved in RP. We also reviewed the main anti-inflammatory therapies for the treatment of IRDs.
Filiaciones:
:
Principe Felipe Res Ctr CIPF, Pathophysiol & Therapies Vis Disorders, Eduardo Primo Yufera 3, Valencia 46012, Spain
Joint Res Unit Rare Dis CIPF Hlth Res Inst Hosp L, IIS La Fe, Valencia 46026, Spain
:
Principe Felipe Res Ctr CIPF, Pathophysiol & Therapies Vis Disorders, Eduardo Primo Yufera 3, Valencia 46012, Spain
Joint Res Unit Rare Dis CIPF Hlth Res Inst Hosp L, IIS La Fe, Valencia 46026, Spain
:
Principe Felipe Res Ctr CIPF, Pathophysiol & Therapies Vis Disorders, Eduardo Primo Yufera 3, Valencia 46012, Spain
Joint Res Unit Rare Dis CIPF Hlth Res Inst Hosp L, IIS La Fe, Valencia 46026, Spain
:
Principe Felipe Res Ctr CIPF, Pathophysiol & Therapies Vis Disorders, Eduardo Primo Yufera 3, Valencia 46012, Spain
Joint Res Unit Rare Dis CIPF Hlth Res Inst Hosp L, IIS La Fe, Valencia 46026, Spain
CIBER Enfermedades Raras CIBERER, Madrid 28029, Spain
Gold, Green Published
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